88 THE COW IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 



conditions clinically, and as the treatment of 

 them all is practically the same, we will speak 

 of it simply as pneumonia. All of these types 

 are caused by the same germs and the only 

 difference is in the way the respiratory organs 

 are affected. 



The condition immediately preceding the 

 pneumonia of cows is congestion of the lungs. 

 The animal may be seen having a chill which 

 may last only two or three hours or which 

 in other cases may last several hours. This 

 may be of short duration and escape the at- 

 tention of the attendant. The temperature 

 will be found to be 105 or 106 degrees Fahren- 

 heit, and occasionally even higher than that. 

 The respirations are greatly accelerated and 

 very shallow, the pulse is quick and hard and 

 the nostrils are dilated; a cough may be pres- 

 ent at this time. The nose is hot and dry and 

 the animal is usually constipated. Pressure 

 between the ribs over the lungs gives the ani- 

 mal pain. The animal stands with the fore- 

 legs spread apart and the elbows turned out- 

 ward. The hair is standing on end and the 

 skin is harsh and dry. On placing your ear 

 over the region of the lungs a soft crackling, 

 snapping sound will be heard. During this 

 time the animal stands most of the time. After 

 this first stage has passed the temperature 

 drops somewhat and the animal lies down 

 most of the time. The expression becomes 

 haggard and the pulse becomes hard and wiry. 



Digitized by Microsoft® 



