THE COW IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 123 



large teats often step on them when getting up 

 and lying down. After milking with a wet hand 

 or after calf sucking, the cold, damp air will oc- 

 casionally make them sore. Some young heifers 

 have an abnormal udder or teat development, 

 others have teats in which there is no milk duct 

 at all. Although some quarters of the udder 

 with ductless teats secrete milk the same as the 

 others, it is necessary to make artificial openings 

 through the teats and dry her up and beef her. 

 In some teats the milk duct is closed from the 

 growth of the lining membrane and in others 

 there is no opening between the milk sinus and 

 the milk duct. Some of these last named cases 

 are amenable to treatment and in others it is un- 

 satisfactory. 



It should be borne in mind that some condi- 

 tions of the teats can not well be treated when 

 the cow is giving milk, but only at the dry period. 



Chapped or Cracked Teats. 



This condition may be caused by one of sev- 

 eral causes, such as sucking of the calf, milking 

 the cow with wet hands, wading through wet 

 grass or through mud and water, or from lying 

 on wet bedding. It is then brought about by 

 the chilling of the skin by the cold air. 



This condition varies greatly, owing to the 

 time that has elapsed, the manner of treatment 

 and the sensitiveness of the skin covering the 

 teats. At first it will be but a dryness and red- 

 ness of the skin with marked tenderness evi- 



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