BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 117 
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF FORMICARIUS. 
a. Pileum and hindneck rufescent or tawny, conspicuously different from color of 
back; outer web of exterior feather of alula light tawny or buff. 
b. Forehead bright tawny or rufescent, like crown, etc. (Southeastern Brazil.) 
Formicarius colma (extralimital).¢ 
bb. Forehead black or dusky. (Amazon Valley to Cayenne and Colombia.) 
Formicarius nigrifrons (extralimital).6 
aa. Pileum dull brownish, not very different from color of back, or else black; outer 
web of exterior feather of alula grayish brown. 
b. Chest black, brownish gray, or slaty. 
c. Sides of neck similar in color to hindneck, not rufescent or cinnamomeous. 
d. Pileum brown, like back, with only centers of feathers blackish; chest slate- 
gray in contrast with black of throat. (Bolivia to northeastern Peru.) 
Formicarius analis (extralimital).¢ 
dd. Pileum and chest black. (Costa Rica and western Panamd.) 
Formicarius analis nigricapillus (p. 118). 
ce. Sides of neck rufescent or cinnamomeous. (Formicarius moniliger.) 
d. Under tail-coverts only partly, if at all, rusty, tawny, or cinnamomeous, the 
longer (posterior) ones being dusky margined with brown. 
e. A distinct rusty or cinnamomeous collar across foreneck. 
jf. Darker, the back, etc., bright mummy brown to chestnut-brown, the 
chest sooty slate-gray. (Southeastern Mexico, except Yucatan, to 
Guatemala).............--- Formicarius moniliger moniliger (p. 119). 
if. Paler, the back, etc., raw-umber to light olive-brown, the chest mouse 
gray to drab-gray. 
@ Formicarius colma Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, 44 (=young; based on Le 
Colma, de Cayenne Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 703, fig. 1); Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 
xv, 1890, 302.—[ Turdus] colma Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. 2, 1789, 827.—Myrmothera 
colma Vieillot, Tabl. Enc. Méth., 1822, 681, 683.— Myiothera colma Cabanis, in Schom- 
burgk’s Reis. Brit. Guiana, iii, 1848, 686.—Formicarvus cayanensis Boddaert, Tabl. 
Pl. Enl., 1783, 50 (= adult; based on Le Tetéma, de Cayenne Daubenton, Pl. Enl., 
pl. 821); Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 670 (monogr.).— M[yrmornis] 
cayanensis Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., ii, 1859, 7.— Myiothera tetema Burmeister, 
Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., iii, 1856, 46.— Myioturdus tetema Maximilian, Beitr. Naturg. 
Bras., iii, 1831, 1030.— Myrmothera fuscicapilla Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xii, 
1817, 112.— Myothera ruficeps Spix, Av. Bras., i, 1825, 72, pl. 72, fig. 1 (locality not 
given; coll. Munich Mus.).—Formicarius ruficeps Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., ii Abth., 
1869, 90, part.—Formicarwus ruficeps ruficeps Hellmayr, Orn. Monats., x. March, 1902, 
35 (geog. range). 
6 Formicarius nigrifrons Gould, Ann. and Mag. N. H., ser. 2, xv, May, 1855, 344 
Chamicuros, e. Peru; coll. J. Gould); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855 (pub. May 16),) 
68; Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 303; Ridgway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 
xvi, 1893, 672 (monogr.).—Formicarius colma nigrifrons Snethlege, Journ. fiir Orn., 
Jan., 1908, 17 (Rio Purts, w. Brazil).—(?) Formicarius nigrifrons glaucopectus Ridg- 
way, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvi, no. 961, Nov. 28, 1893, 673, in text (British Guiana; 
coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus.). 
¢ M[yothera] analis D’Orbigny and Lafresnaye, Synop. Av., in Mag. de Zool., 1837, 
14; cl. ui, pls. 77-79 (Yuracares and Chiquitos, Bolivia); D’Orbigny, Voy. Amér. 
Mérid., Ois., 1839, pl. 6 bis, fig. 1.— Fornvicarius analis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 
1857, 46; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 304, part; Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 
xvi, 1893, 673 (monogr.).—Formicarius analis analis Hartert, Novit. Zool., ix, Dec., 
1902, 613 (Bolivia to e. Peru; diagnosis).— U[yrmornis] analis Cabanis and Heine, 
Mus. Hein., ii, 1859, 7. 
