BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 197 
tinctly, shorter; hallux about as long as inner toe but much stouter; 
basal phalanx of middle toe wholly united to outer toe, united for 
most, if not the whole, of its length to inner toe; claws large and strong, 
acute, that of the hallux nearly as long as the digit. 
Coloration.—Tawny or rufescent brown above, the rump, upper tail- 
coverts, and tail cinnamon-rufous; wings sometimes partly black; 
pileum and hindneck (sometimes back also) streaked; chin, throat, 
and tuft on sides of neck white or buff; under parts of body tawny 
or light ocher-brownish, the chest more or less distinctly flammulated 
or squamated. 
Nidification.—Nests placed in holes of trees; eggs white. 
Range——Costa Rica to Peru and Bolivia. (Three species.) ¢ 
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PSEUDOCOLAPTES. 
u. Neck-tufts white; primaries and wing-coverts rusty brown. (Colombia to Ecuadér, 
Peru, and Bolivia).............. Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii (extralimital).> 
aa. Neck-tufts buff; primaries and wing-coverts brownish black. (Costa Rica and 
western Panamé.).......-..-----------+---- Pseudocolaptes lawrencii (p. 197). 
PSEUDOCOLAPTES LAWRENCIL Ridgway. 
LAWRENCE'S PSEUDOCOLAPTES. 
Adults (sexes alike).—Pileum with feathers dusky basally and 
laterally (and sometimes on terminal margin), the mesial and terminal 
or subterminal portions light brown, with a narrowshaft-streak of paler 
(buffy or buffy whitish); hind-neck similarly marked but with the 
pale mesial streaks niuch broader; back and scapulars tawny-brown 
or russet, the feathers usually with narrow and mostly indistinct 
terminal margins of dusky; rump and upper tail-coverts plain 
rufous-tawny, the tail clear cnnamon-rufous, with shafts of rectrices 
chestnut; lesser wing-coverts tawny-brown or russet, dusky centrally 
(this mostly concealed); middle and greater coverts black or brown- 
ish black, tipped with tawny-buff or ochraceous; secondaries plain 
tawny-brown or russet, the distal ones passing into black basally; 
primaries grayish brown, the shorter (proximal) ones more blackish; 
lores dusky grayish brown; auricular region blackish brown or 
dusky, narrowly streaked with dull whitish or buffy, margined above 
by a narrow (usually indistinct) superciliary and supra-auricular 
streak of dull buffy or whitish; chin, throat, and malar region im- 
@ J have not seen P. flavescens Berlepsch and Stolzmann, from central Peru. 
b Anabates botissonneautii Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., iii, Apr., 1840, 104 (Bogota, 
Colombia; coll. A. Boissonneau).—PA[ilydor] boissoneautii Reichenbach, Handb. 
Spec. Orn., 1853, 200.—O[tipne] boissonneaut Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., ii, 
Aug., 1859, 30 (Caracas, Venezuela).—Pseudocolaptes boissoneauti Sclater, Proc. 
Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, 88 (Puellaro, Ecuadér); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 78, 
excl. syn. part.—Anabates auritus Tschudi, Wiegm. Archiv fiir Naturg., xiii, pt. i, 
1844, 294; Fauna Peruana, Aves, 1845, 239.—P[seudocolaptes] semicinnamomeus 
Reichenbach, Handb. Spec. Orn., 1853, 210 (Bogot4). 
