BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 235 
Panamé (Boquete, Chiriqui; Capira); Nicaragua ?; State of Antioquia, 
Colombia (Medellin; Frontino) ? 
(?) Dendrocops multistrigatus (not Dendrocolaptes multistrigatus Eyton) Bona- 
PARTE, Notes Orn. Coll. Delatire, 1854, 87 (Nicaragua). 
Dendrocolaptes multistrigatus (not of Eyton) Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., ix, 
1868, 106, 146 (Navarro, Costa Rica; crit.)—Franrzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 
1869, 305 (Navarro). 
Dendrocolaptes puncticollis (not of Sclater and Salvin) Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. 
N. Y., ix, 1868, 146 (Navarro).—Bovucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 60 
(Naranjo de Cartago, Costa Rica; habits) —ZrLrpén, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa 
Rica, i, 1887, 113 (Cartago, Costa Rica).—Ripe@way, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 
xi, 1889, 545 (Navarro; crit.)—Banes, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 
48 (Boquete, 7,000 ft., Panama). 
Dendrocolaptes validus (not of Tschudi) ScratEr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 
172, part (Panam4; Medellin and Frontino, prov. Antioquia, Colombia?).— 
Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1891, 191, part (Navarro and 
Naranjo, Costa Rica; Panamé; Colombia?). 
[Dendrocolaptes] validus SHarpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 87, part (Costa Rica; 
Panam4). 
Dendrocolaptes validus costaricensis Rrpaway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxii, April 
17, 1909, 73 (Lagudria, Santa Maria de Dota, s. w. Costa Rica; coll. U.S. Nat. 
Mus.).—CarrikEr, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vi, 1910, 658 (Costa Rica; crit.). 
Genus XIPHOCOLAPTES Lesson. 
Xiphocolaptes Lesson, Rev. Zool., 1840, 269. (Type, Dendrocopus albicollis 
Vieillot.) 
Very large Dendrocolaptide (ength about 280-320 mm.) with 
bill longer than head, stout, more or less (but never strongly) decurved, 
and compressed (much deeper than broad at nostrils). 
Bill longer than head (commissure nearly twice as long as tarsus), 
slightly decurved, much compressed, its depth at nostril much 
greater than its width at same point; culmen scarcely ridged, gradu- 
ally decurved from, base, the tip of maxilla not uncinate; tomia 
gradually decurved, without trace of subterminal notch; gonys 
straight or (sometimes) slightly decurved terminally, slightly promi- 
nent and convex basally, where there is a more or less distinct 
narrow median ridge on under side. Nostril exposed, posteriorly in 
contact with latero-frontal feathers or nearly so, obliquely oval, 
non-operculate. Rictal bristles absent; feathers of chin and loral 
region with open or semi-decomposed webs. Wing rather large and 
pointed, with longest primaries exceeding secondaries by less than 
length of bill from nostril; sixth, seventh, and eighth, fifth, sixth, 
and seventh, or sixth and seventh, primaries longest, the tenth 
(outermost) a little more than two-thirds as long as the longest, 
the ninth longer than fourth. Tail about six-sevenths as long as 
wing, graduated for more than one-third its length, the rectrices (12) 
acuminate, with the excessively strong and rigid shafts decurved 
and twisted terminally. Tarsus about as long as bill from nostril, 
