BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. : 287 
than two-thirds (D. tyrannina) to nearly four-fifths (D. homochroa) 
as long as the longest, the ninth equal to or shorter than fifth. Tail a 
little more than two-thirds (D. homochroa) to more than five-sixths 
(D. tyrannina) as long as wing, graduated for less than to considerably 
more than two-thirds its length, the rectrices (12) rather broad, 
rounded terminally, but with the very rigid shafts nearly denuded at 
tip, and forming projecting, more or less (sometimes rather strongly) 
decurved points. Tarsus shorter than exposed culmen to slightly 
longer, about one-fourth as long as wing (only one-fifth as long in 
D. tyrannina) rather slender (stouter in D. homochroa), distinctly 
scutellate (endaspidean); middle toe, with claw, shorter than tarsus 
(except in D. tyrannina); outer toe (with or without claw) as long as 
middle toe, or very slightly shorter; inner toe, without claw, reaching 
to subterminal articulation of middle toe; hallux decidedly shorter 
than inner toe, scarcely, if at all, stouter; middle toe united to outer 
toe for whole of its first and part of its second phalanx, to inner toe 
for about half its first phalanx; anterior claws large, very strongly 
curved and acute, that of hallux less strongly curved, about as 
long as the digit. 
Coloration.—Tail-coverts, tail, and secondaries chestnut or rufous- 
chestnut; rest of upper parts brown (nearly olive to tawny-brown or 
russet), the pileum sometimes narrowly and indistinctly streaked 
with paler; under parts lighter brown or olive-brown, sometimes paler 
and grayer, or even dull whitish, on chin and upper throat, the chest 
or foreneck sometimes narrowly streaked with paler. One species 
wholly rufous-chestnut, duller on back and under parts. Sexes alike. 
Range.—Southern Mexico to Cayenne, southeastern Brazil, Bolivia, 
and Ecuadér. (About sixteen species.*) 
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF DENDROCINCLA. 
a. Secondaries mostly tawny or tawny-ochraceous, contrasting strongly with their 
dusky tips and the umber brown of wing-coverts. (Dendrocincla anabatina.) 
b. Nape suffused with tawny; rump lighter, or more tawny, brown; secondaries 
clearer tawny or tawny-ochraceous. 
ce. Darker and browner. (Southeastern Mexico, except Campeche and Yucatan, 
to eastern Nicaragua)........... Dendrocincla anabatina anabatina (p. 288). 
ce. Lighter and more buffy. (Campeche and Yucatan.) 
Dendrocincla anabatina typhla (p. 290). 
6b. Nape not suffused with tawny; rump darker brown; secondaries darker and 
duller tawny. (Southwestern Costa Rica and western Panamé.) 
Dendrocincla anabatina saturata (p. 290). 
aa. Secondaries brown or rufescent (not tawny or tawny-ochraceous), concolor with 
wing-coverts, or at least not contrasting strongly with them. 
6. Wing-coverts brown (not rufescent); throat dull light buffy grayish; pileum dull 
olive-brown. (Dendrocincla lafresnayet.) 
@ The following have not been examined in this connection: D. macrorhyncha Salva- 
dori and Festa, D. fuliginosa (Vieillot), and D. minor Pelzeln. 
