320 THE PORTRAIT GALLERY 
Oxford friend, Tomas Lor. After an open rupture with his 
father he entered upon an itinerant preaching journey, publish- 
ing numerous treatises, of which his “Truth Exalted” and “The 
Sandy Foundation Shaken” gave him a nation-wide notoriety. 
This latter caused an eight months’ imprisonment in the Tower 
of London which stimulated his “No Cross, No Crown” and 
“Innocency with Her Open Face,” that made him immortal. 
Early in 1668 he enlisted the aid of the Duke of Buckingham 
to introduce a bill into Parliament that would award justice to 
the Quakers, but the stern commoners refused even to listen to 
the measure. In 1670 he was again arrested for preaching in the 
streets, and when the jury found him “Not Guilty” despite the 
court’s instructions, both the jury and prisoner were fined and 
jailed for contempt. Appeal to higher authority established the 
precedent for all time in English law that it is the right of the 
jury independently to judge evidence regardless of the dictation 
or direction of the court. 
On liberation PENN visited Holland and Germany where he 
made many converts, but it was not until 1681 when Cuartes II 
issued the charter that confirmed his title to American lands, 
that he found a home for the persecuted of his faith. PENN’s 
original title for the territory was New Wales, but, on objection 
by the King, he adopted Sylvania, which the King overruled to 
christen Pennsylvania. Organizations for emigration were estab- 
lished, and with the aid of ALGERNON SIDNEY, a liberal scheme 
of laws and government approved. In September, 1682, he 
sailed for Newcastle on the Delaware, on board the tiny “Wel- 
come,” and selected the site of his capital at the juncture 
of the Schuylkill and Delaware, a place called by the 
Indians, “Coaquannoc,” and by him Philadelphia. Under the 
spreading elm at Schackamaxton (now part of Philadelphia), 
he concluded his famous treaty with the Indians, which recog- 
nized them as previously the rightful owners of the land. PENN’s 
