GULLS 



(43) Larus leucopterus Faber 



(Gr., white wing). 



ICELAND GULL. The precise 

 counterpart of the Glaucous Gull in 

 all plumages, but smaller. L., 24.00; 

 W., 17.00; Tar., 2.15; B., 2.00. 



Range — Arctic regions. South in 

 winter to Long Island; casual on the 

 Great Lakes. 



(45) Larus kumlieni Brewster 



(To Ludwig Kumlien). 



KUMLIEN'S GULL; GRAY- 

 WINGED GULL. Plumage similar 

 to that of the Glaucous Gull, but 

 the primaries have well-defined ashy 

 markings as shown below. L., 24.00; 

 VV., 17.00; B., 1.75. 



Range — North Atlantic coast, 

 breeding along Cumberland Sound 

 and wintering south to Long Island. 



a uniform, pale pearl color. Young birds are very beauti- 

 fully marked with bars and streaks of pale brown. 



A "small edition" of the Glaucous Gull is found in ICE- 

 LAND GULLS. The plumages of the two species are 

 apparently just the same, the difference being only in the 

 dimensions. Iceland Gulls appear to be rather uncom- 

 mon on this side of the Atlantic, being more abundant 

 in Europe. 



KUMLIEN'S GULLS are of about the same size as 

 Glaucous and the mantle is only a trifle darker. The prima- 

 ries, however, are conspicuously patterned with ashy-gray. 



GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULLS are exceeded in 

 size and strength by none of the Family. They are more 

 solitary in their habits than other gulls, more than a few 

 pairs rarely being seen together either during nesting or 

 migrations. Indeed, in winter, one is more apt to see one 

 or two of this species in company with Herring Gulls. 



These gulls are very voracious and destructive. They 



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