HOW TO STUDY BIRDS 



Sparrows; mostly striped brown, black and white. 



Thrasher; rufous back, wings and tail. 



Thrushes; brown or olive-brown back and tails. 



Wrens; brownish backs, barred tails. 

 ELACK BIRDS: 



Crow 



Crackles; lustrous and metallic shades. 



Rusty Blackbird. 



Cowbird; brown head. 



Red-winged Blackbird; red and white shoulders. 



Purple Martin; glossy and iridescent. 

 BLACK AND WHITE BIRDS, or chiefly black, white or 

 gray: 



Magpie; white scapular and belly, long tail. 



Canada Jay; black nape, white face, body gray. 



Shrikes; ears, wings and tail black with white markings. 



Kingbird; white below, concealed orange crown patch. 



Nuthatch; gray above, white below, black crown. 



Catbird; gray, black cap, chestnut under tail coverts. 



Black-poll Warbler; black cap, streaks on sides. 



Black and White Warbler; heavily streaked black and 

 white. 



Mockingbird; blackish wings and tail, with white. 



Chickadees; black cap and throat. 



Junco; gray head and back, white below and on tail. 



Flycatchers; dull gray and white, unmarked. 



Vireos; greenish or grayish, whiter below. 



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