FEEDING PRACTICES AND APPLIANCES 399 



ciency varied directly with the proportion of corn meal. As 

 a result of these tests he recommended that 24 pounds of 

 white bolted corn meal, 6 pounds of wheat middlings, and 

 4 pounds of pea meal or oat flour be mixed with enough 

 buttermilk to make it the consistency of thin batter. Sour 

 milk may be used if buttermilk may not be had, and if 

 neither is available, add 15 per cent, of beef scrap to the 

 ration and moisten with water. This will not be nearly so 

 satisfactory, however, as buttermilk. 

 Philips' reports excellent results from a ration composed of: 



2 pounds com meal 

 1 pound shorts 

 1 pound ground oats 

 8 pounds buttermilk 



This mixture was allowed to stand twenty-four hours 

 before feeding. 



Care and Feeding of Toung Poults. — ^The attitude of inves- 

 tigators toward the black-head disease (infectious entero- 

 hepatitis) in turkeys has recently undergone a marked 

 change. Too late for the revision of Chapter II (see page 81) 

 the paper of Hadley,^ who is perhaps the foremost American 

 authority on blackhead in turkeys, giving the reasons for 

 this reversal of attitude, has come under the author's notice. 

 Hadley now takes the position that the organisms causing 

 this malady are omnipresent, and that effort to avoid them 

 is useless. Wild turkeys are quite free from the trouble, 

 however, while their domesticated brothers are highly sus- 

 ceptible. This is in spite of the fact that the wild birds 

 probably always harbor the organisms in the digestive tract. 

 The difference is that modern methods of domestic turkey 

 feeding have somehow broken down the defensive agencies 

 of the species, whatever they may be. 



The problem in feeding poults, therefore, is to so feed 

 that the "normal antagonistic factors" can operate advan- 

 tageously with regard to the disease. 



1 Purdue Extension Bulletin No. 10. 



' Journal of American Association of Instructors and Investigators in 

 Poultry Husbandry, 1916, vol. ii, No. 8. 



