43. TAIEEIANACE^. 171 



slender, square, diffuse, ascending. L. often nearly glabrous 

 or with marginal hairs {not prickles) spreading or backward. 

 Lower part of stem and leaves sometimes densely covered with 

 patent hairs. Panicle very variable ia size. Fr. very minutely 

 granular. — a. G. montanum (Vill.) ; 1. linear-lanceolate, pan. 

 with short ascending branches and few-flowered cymes. — /3. G. 

 nitidulum (Thuil.) ; 1. linear, pan. with somewhat spreading 

 branches and compact cymes. Limestone hills, rare. P. VI. 

 VIL E. S. I. 



*** Stem rough with downward prickles. 



12. G. uligin6sum (L.) ; I. 6 — 8 ia a whorl linear-lanceolate 

 bristle-pointed the margins rough liJce the angles of the stem with 

 backward prickles, panicles small axillary few flowered trichoto- 

 mous the branches patent 3-fid, fruitstalks divaricate straight, 

 fruit granular. — B. B. 1972. — Stems slender, brittle, about a 

 foot high, weak. L. usually 6 in a whorl, discoloured at the 

 tip, shortly acuminate. Fr. dark brown. — Wet places. P. VII. 

 VlII. E. S. 



13. G. palus'tre (L.) ; Z. 4 m a whorl broadly linear broader 

 upwards bbint, midrib slender, panicle diffuse, fr.-st. straight 

 spreading at right angles, fr. smooth. — St. 1 — 2 feet high, slen- 

 der, usually branched. Fl. small, white. St. and branches 

 nearly smooth. L. narrow, lowest usually in sixes, upper in 

 fours of which 2 are smaller. — On dry ground the 1. are broader, 

 those of the barren shoots often obovate : then known by its 

 blunt 1. and downward prickly stems. — G. Witheringii (Sm. ) 

 differs only by having rough edges to the leaves. — ^A very 

 strong form, much larger in aU respects, is the G. elongatum. 

 (Presl). JE. B. 1857. — Wet places by ditches and rivers. P. 



VI. vn. E. S. I. 



4. Etj'bia Linn. Madder. 



1. R. peregrina (L.) ; 1. 4 — 6 in a whorl elliptic or lanceolate 

 shining smooth above without veins the margin and keel rough 

 with reflexed bristles.— -B. B. 851. — Old st. terete; shoots 

 spreading, square. L. rigid persistent. Fl. in panicled cymes. 

 Cor. rotate, 5-cleft; lobes oval, suddenly narrowed into a 

 slender point. — Stony and sandy thickets in the South. P. 



VL— vm. E. I. 



Order XLIII. VALEBIANACE JE. 



Cal. superior; limb various, toothed, or inconspicuous, or 

 involute and ultimately resembling a pappus. Cor. tubular, 



l2 



