46. COMPOSITiE, 175 



tough, leafy. Heads of white fl. small, globose, exceeding the 

 involucres. — Moist shady places. B. VIII. Shepherd^s Rod. E. 



2. Ksatjt'ia Ooult. 



1. K. arven'sis (Coult.) ; lower 1. simple, stem-1. pinnatihd, 

 St. bristly, calyx with about 8 awued teeth,— ^. B. 659. — St. 2 

 — 3 feet high, slightly branched, with a few leaves. Eadical 1. 

 many, sometimes pirmately lobed. Fl. purple, in large convex 

 long-stalked heads; outer usually unequal and radiant. Inv. 

 blimtish. — Sometimes L all simple narrowly lanceolate entire or 

 superficially crenate. — Fields. P. VII. — IX. Field Scabious. 



E. S. I. 



3. ScABio'sA Linn. Scabious. 



1. iS. succisa (L.) ; root abrupt, heads of fl. and £r. nearly 

 globose, involacel hairy 4-fid herbaceous, cor. 4-cleft, 1. oblong 

 entire, upper 1. narrower mostly entire. — JE. S, 878. Succisa 

 pratensis Moench. — St. 1 — 3 feet high, rarely branched. Eadi- 

 cal 1. many, stem-1. usually few. Fl. all aUke, purplish blue, 

 rarely white. St. and both sides of the 1. hairy or glabrous. — 

 Meadows and pastures. P. VII. — X. Devil's bit. E. S. I. 



2. S. Colmnbdria (L.) ; heads of fr. globose, involucel inembra- 

 nous notched furrowed throughout, no distinct base, cor. 5-cleft 

 radiant, radical 1. oblong stalked crenate entire or lyrate, upper- 

 most 1. pinnatifid with Unear segments.— .E £. I3I1. — St. 12 — 

 18 in. high. Radical 1. blunt, or, rarely, lanceolate and acute, 

 on long stalks ; upper 1. rarely entire, linear. Fl. purplish, 

 anth. yeUow. — On a calcareous soU. P. VU. Vm. E. S. 



IS, maritima (L.) ; involucel and its base furrowed, cor. 5- 

 cleft ; has been found near St. Ouen's Bay, Jersey.] 



Order XLV. COMPOSITE. 



Fl. surrounded by an involucre formed of scales Cphyllariea), 

 collected together in a head looking like a single flower. Cal. 

 superior; limb inconspicuous or forming a toothed bristly or 

 feathery pappus. Cor. tubular or ligulate ; both kinds in the 

 same head or only one of them. Stam. 5, inserted in the tube ; 

 filaments free ; anthers united into a tube surrounding the style, 

 often with tails at their base. Fr. indehiscent, dry, with an 

 erect seed without albumen.— No stipules. 



The following arrangement of the genera is difierentfrom that 

 used in the arrangement of the species. In cases of difficulty 

 they may both be used with advantage. 



