45. COMPOSITJE. 179 



Brandies of the style surmounted by sliorf cones. Fr. 

 compressed, angular, rough at the edges ; the angles ending 

 in 2 — 5 hispid bristles. 



Suborder II. CYNAE0CEPHA1,E^. 



Flowers all tubular. Style usually thickish below its branches, 

 which often combine into a more or less perfect cylinder. In- 

 volucre imbricate. 



a. Basal scar of fr. transverse, rounded. Anthers tailed. 



25. Sausstjbba. F1. all perfect. PAyll. unarmed. Recep- 

 tacle scaly. Pappus in two rows, outer of short rough 

 bristles, inner feathery. 



26. Caklina. Fl. all perfect. Outer phyll. lax, leaflike spi- 

 nous ; inner linear, membranous, coloured and resembling 

 a ray. Receptacle with cleft scales. Pappus in one row 

 branched and feathery, united in a ring below. 



27. AitCTruM:. Involucre globose. Phyll. ending in hnoJced 

 points. Receptacle flat, with rigid subulate scales. Fr. 

 compressed, oblong. Pappus short, hairKke, distinct. 



b. Ft. attached obliquely. Anthers scarcely tailed. 



* Pappus in many rows of different lengths ; inner row longest, 

 longer than the fruit. 



28. Serkatula. Heads dioecious by abortion. PhyU. sharp, 

 unarmed. Scales of the receptacle split longitudinally into 

 linear bristles. Fr. compressed, not beaked; basal scai- 

 oblique. Pappus persistent. 



** Pappris in many rows, unequal; second row longest, equal to 

 or shorter than the fruit ; rarely none. 



29. Centauhea. Anthers with papillose fllaments. Recep- 

 tacle chafiy. Fr. attached laterally above the base to the 

 receptacle. Pappus hairlike, rarely 0. 



c. Fr. with a transverse basal scar. Pappus in many rows, 

 equal, long. Anth. scarcely tailed. 



30. Onopobdum:. Receptacle honeycombed. Fr. 4-ribbed. 

 Pappus rough. Otherwise like Carduus. 



31. Caeduus. Phyll. simple, spinous, pointed. Receptacle 

 with fimbriate scales. Fr. compressed, oblong. Pappu-i 

 long, hairlike or feathery, united into a ring at the hose and 

 deciduous. — Includes Onicus Linn, and Circium DC. 



