198 45. COMPOSITE. 



Section 2. 8ERRATULEM. Heads many-flowered ; flowers 

 all tubular, perfect or dioscious, the external row sometimes 

 female. Involucre of many rows of distinct phyllaries. Fila- 

 ments distinct. Pappus in many rows of different lengths, inner 

 row Imigest, hairlike or feathery, surrounded by a margin. 



28. Sbeeat'tjla Linn. Saw-wort. 



1. S. tinetdria (L.) ; 1. with bristly serratures pinnatifid or 

 lyrate, heads oblong-, phyll. ovate adpressed, inner ones linear 

 coloui-ed.— %. E. B. 708. St. 3. 16.— St. 2—3 feet high, straight, 

 erect, angular, branched above. L, rarely entire. FI. purple. — 

 a ; heads stalked in a lax corymb. — /3. 8. monticola (Bor.) ; heads 

 subsessUe few large close together. E. B. 38. — Groves and 

 thickets. P. VIII. E. 



Sections. CENTAUREJE. Heads many-flowered, discoidal; 

 outer row of fl. usually barren, enlarged, irregular. Phyllaries 

 in many rows. Filaments distinct. Pappus in many rows of 

 different lengths, second row longest, setaceo-pilose, placed within 

 the margin which surrounds the epigynous disk, rarely 0. 



29. Centait'eea Linn. Knapweed. 



* Phyll. with a scarious pectinate not decurrent appendage^ 



[C. Jdcea (L.) ; phyU.-appendages erect rounded, pappus 0, 

 1. Imear-lanceolate lower 1. broader and toothed. — E. B. 1678. 

 — Outermost phyU. with deeply pinnatifid appendages, few 

 innermost entire, the rest irregularly jagged. Heads radiant. — 

 Not native. P. VIII. IX.] 



1. C. nigra (L.) ; phyU.-appendages patent or erect lanceolate 

 or ovate-lanceolate pectinate their teeth subulate, pappus or 

 short deciduous, 1. lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate acute. — St. 

 I — 2 ft. high. L. green ; lower narrowed into long stalks, entire 

 or sinuate-dentate ; upper sessile. Heads globose. Few inner- 

 most phyll. -appendages torn. Fr. oblong, downy. — a. C. nigra 

 (L.) ; phyU.-appendages erect or patent ovate-lanceolate usually 

 quite covering the phyll. their teeth long. E. B. 278. Mart. 

 Fl. Rust. 180. R. XV. 761. St. usuaUy with long 1-headed 

 branches. Pappus or short. Heads sometimes radiant. Au- 

 tumnal forms have erect-patent branches, ending in solitary 

 heads ; vernal have almost divaricate branches. — 0. C. decipieiu 

 (Thuill.); phyU.-appendages erect lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate 

 usually not wholly covering the phyll. their teeth short. St. 

 usually simple, 1-headed. L. broader than those of a. Teeth 

 often scarcely longer than the breadth of the brown appendage ; 

 3 inner rows of phyll. usually protruding. Pappus 0. Heads 



