CABDUUS, LAP8ANA. 203 



solitary, outer phyll. ovate inner ones gradually longer adpressed, 

 root vnth filiform fhres.—E. B. 161. St. 24. 16.— St. usually 

 almost wanting ; sometimes 3 — 12 in. long, leafy, wooUy. L. 

 all stalked, glabrous except a few hairs on the rihs beneath. 

 Heads very large, fl. crimson. — /3. C. dnbius (Willd.) ; st. much 

 branched wooUy a. foot or more in height. Willd. Fl. Berol. f. 

 11. Perhaps a hybrid between this and C. arvensis. — Dry cal- 

 careous pastures. /3. SaiFron AValden, Essex. Mr. G. 8. Gib- 

 son. P. VII.— IX. GroundnTMstle. E. 



11. C. heterophyl'lus (L.) ; I. clasping not decurrent glabrous 

 above white and doumy beneath lanceolate serrate fringed ivith 

 minute prickles, root-l. with long stalks clasping at the base, 

 heads ovoid truncate below slightly downy, phyll. ovate or 

 lanceolate acuminate adpressed.^ — B. B. 675. — Creeping. St. 

 3 — 4 feet high, furrowed, cottony, slightly branched above. 

 Heads large and handsome. L. very large, undivided or laci- 

 niate. — C. Carolorum (Jenn. in Ediu. Bot. Tr. ix. 257) seems to 

 be a hybrid of C heterophyllus and C. paluMris. — Moist moun- 

 tain-pastures. P. VII. vin. E. S. 



Section 5. SILYBEJE. Filaments monadelphous. Pappus 

 in many rows. 



32. Sii'tbttm Gaert. Milk-Thistle. 



:j:l. S. maridnum (Gaert.). — Carduus Sm. E. B. 976. — St. 3— 

 4 feet high, ribbed and furrowed. L. very large, oblong-lan- 

 ceolate, wavy, clasping ; radical 1. pinnatifid, usually variegated 

 with green and milk-white. Heads large, globose. Phyll. 

 closely adpressed below, leaflike, with a long terminal recurved 

 spine. Fl. purple; tube very long. — Waste places. B. VI. 

 VII. E. S. I. 



Suborder II. LIGVLIFLOB.^. Fl. aU perfect, ligulate.— 

 Style cylindrical above ; branches long, blunt, equally pubescent, 

 Stigmatic lines prominent, narrow, terminating below the middle 

 of -flie branches. — Juice milky. 



A. Meceptaole naked. Pappus 0. 



33. Lap'sana Linn. Mpplewort. 



1. L, communis (L.) ; 1. dentate or lobed stalked, lower 1. 

 lyrate, involucres glabrous angular, st. panicled. — E. B. 844.— 

 St. and 1. hispid or nearly glabrous. St. 1 — 3 feet high, branched 

 above. Heads small, with yellow fl., in terminal panicles with 

 small subulate bracts at the subdivisions. Inv. of fr. erect. — 

 Waste and cultivated land. A. VH. VIH. E. S. I. 



