100. FILICES. 441 



fiirrows, sheaths loose wMte with the base black, teeth black- 

 based rather persistent. Phytol. v. 19 (1853). S. 12. St. 

 1 — 2 ft. high, its central hollow equalling about -f of diameter. 

 Sheaths loose, pearly white ; teeth long, usually light brown, 

 whitish above, more persistent and longer. — Damp banks and 

 woods. /3. Wicklow. P. VII. VIII. E.S.I. 



8. E. trachy'odon (A. Br.) ; st. simple or very slightly branched 

 very rough with 8 — 12 furrows, sheaths close ultimately wholly 

 Mack, teeth slender persistent. — H. F. 65. B. Mackaii N. 24. 

 S. 9. — St. 1 — 3 feet high, simple or with solitary distant 

 branches, biennial, its central hollow equalling j of diameter. 

 Spike apiculate. Sheaths quite cylindrical, pale green with a 

 black band beneath the teeth but ultimatdy wholly black. 

 Teeth much more persistent than in the preceding, usually black. 

 —Near Belfast ; Chevy Chase near Gort. P. VTI. VHt I. 



9. E. variegdtum (Schleich.) ; st. simple or slightly branched 

 very rough with 4 — 10 furrows, sheaths slightly erdarged upwards 

 green below black above, teeth blunt each tipped with a deciduous 

 bristle. — S. F. 66. N. 31. — St. about a foot high, erect, usually 

 simple except at the base or irregularly branched, its central 

 hollow equalling J of diameter. Lower half of the sheaths 



freen like the stem, upper part black; teeth persistent ovate, 

 lack in the centre, with a white membranous margin. Spike 

 apiculate. — E. Wilsoni (Newm, 39. S. 10) is a large form. 

 — /3. arenarium ; st. procumbent, usually more slender, teeth of 

 the sheaths wedgeshaped. E. variegatum Sm., E. B. 1987. 

 S. 11. — Wet places, or in water. ^. Sandy places near the sea. 



P. vn. vni. E. S. I. 



Order C. FILICES. 



Leafy plants with a rhizome ox tmnk. L. or fronds usually 

 circinate when young (Tribe VII. excepted), simple or divided. 

 Fructification springing from the veins on the underside or at the 

 edge of the 1., of 1-celled capsules (thecse) which are stalked and 

 have an elastic ring or sessile and without a ring. 



* Capsules with an elastic marginal ring. 



Suborder I. POLYPODIACE.E. 



Capsules in dorsal or marginal clusters, opening transversely 

 or irregularly. Young fronds circinate. 



V 5 



