ANIMAL CASTBATION. 31 



then separates, being held in the branches of the 

 moving forceps ; the fixing forceps are removed, and 

 the cord is drawn upwards into the vaginal sac. It 

 is important in this operation to caution the assist- 

 ant against drawing on the cord during the struggles 

 of the animal, consequent upon the pain caused by 

 the first application of the instruments, and the 

 pressure upon the parts when held between their 

 inflexible iron jaws ; but on the contrary, to maintain 

 it as closely as possible against the inguinal region. 



This process of castration is one of the most rapid 

 of all the forms of operating. The only hemorrhage 

 likely to occur is merely that of the small testicular 

 artery, if it should happen to be divided when the 

 torsion is confined to the front portion of the cord. 



Below the Epididymis. — This process differs from 

 the preceding only in the fact that instead of holding 

 the cord between the fingers, it is held by the fixed 

 forceps, the use of the moving instrument being ren- 

 dered unnecessary by the slightness of the adhesion 

 of the seminal gland to its appendix. 



LINEAB CRUSHING. 



The originator of the use of that peculiar instru- 

 ment, the ecraseur (Fig. 7), so .valuable an adjunct 

 in the operation of castration, is Mr. H. Bouley, 

 who brought it into use at a date as early as the 

 year 1857. It is not, therefore, an American inven- 

 tion, as has sometimes been claimed. The function 

 of this instrument is to effect the division of living 

 parts without hemorrhage. The original ecraseur 



