20 ANIMAL CASTEATION. 



The second class has also for its first or prelimi- 

 nary step, that of the first, viz., the incision of the 

 bags, the opening of the vaginal sac, and the expos- 

 ure of the testicle. But instead of removing the or- 

 gan by the division of the cord, we proceed as a 

 second step, to the application of an apparatus de- 

 signed to ojDerate by producing compression along 

 the length of the cord, and in this are included but 

 two modes of operating, that by the ligattire and that 

 by the clamps. 



The third class, according to our category, presents 

 to our view two further operations, both of which 

 are essentially bloodless and dispense with the in- 

 cision of the bags, consisting of certain peculiar 

 manipulations which insure the destruction of the 

 testicular structure, and consequently of its secreting 

 power. They comprehend the process of the crush- 

 ing of the s'permatic cord, and that of suicutaneous double 

 hoisting — the Mstournage of the French. 



We now enter upon the consideration of each of 

 the separate modes we have thus enumerated. 



SIMPLE EXCISION. 



This is claimed to be one of the oldest modes of 

 operating, and thougli to a great extent discarded by 

 practitioners of the present day, still finds its appli- 

 cation iu the treatment of the smaller animals. With 

 larger patients, however, though still strongly recom- 

 mended by some practitioners, it is not generally em- 

 ployed on account of the profuse hemorrhage which 

 necessarily follows the amputation of the cord. Still 



