Animal castration. 69 



animal being then known by the designation of 

 ridglings or originals. The position assumed by the 

 organ in relation to its normal situation being so 

 altered that it may be found either partly engaged 

 in the inguinal canal (Fig. 22), or only remaining 

 close to its superior opening (Fig. 23), is one of these 

 tnequalities coustitutiug what is called inguinal 

 cryptorchidy; another being when it remains floating 

 in or adherent to some parts of the abdominal 

 cavity — a condition known as abdominal cryptor- 

 chidy (Fig. 24). 



"Whether inguinal or abdominal, the ectopia is 

 either single when one testicle only is abnormally 

 situated (monorchidy), or again doiible when both 

 organs are in abnormal condition ; this is cryptor- 

 chidy proper and may be abdominal on one side and 

 inguinal on the other. 



As this condition has usually a peculiar effect 

 on the temper of the animal so affected, often 

 rendering him unfit for general use, it necessitates, 

 on that account, the act of castration, with some 

 changes in the manipulations described for the ope- 

 ration upon animals exempt from such an infirmity. 

 In these cases the operation presents more difficul- 

 ties, and is of a more serious character than the 

 former, demanding on the part of the operator all 

 the skill and knowledge which can be acquired from 

 its frequent performance and extensive study. That 

 the operation is one which is largely performed on 

 the Continent there is no doubt, and many European 

 operators have made for themselves an extensive 

 reputation in connection with it. Among these the 



