ANIMAL CASTEATION. 77 



will be given to promote defecation and empty tlie 

 rectum. 



ABDOMINAL CRYPTOECHIDY. 



Four methods liave been recommended for the 

 operation, which allow the discovery of the testicle 

 and its excision : 1st, through the flank ; 2d, in pas- 

 sing through the abdominal wall at the lower part of 

 the inguinal canal ; 3rd, in pushing through this 

 canal in its entire length ; 4th, through an incision 

 made in the inferior abdominal wall, between the 

 inguinal ring and the sheath. They are known as 

 the old method, the Danish method,, the Belgian and 

 that of Gunther. We believe the modus operandi of 

 Farmer Miles is very similar to that of Degive. 



CASTRATION THROUGH THE PLANE. 



This method consists in performing laparotomy on 

 the superior part of the flank, bringing the testicle 

 outwards with the hand introduced in the peritoneal 

 cavity and removing it with the ecraseur or by simple 

 amputation after ligature of the cord. 



This method is used but little, although by the 

 application of the strictest antisepsy it has given 

 excellent results in the hands of several German 

 operators. It might be advantageously resorted to 

 in double ectopia, when both testicles could be 

 removed through one single incision. 



CASTRATION BY THE INGUINAL REGION. 



Anatomy. — The inguinal region is formed by the 



