86 ANIMAL CASTRATION. 



with clotli dipped iu antiseptic solution. The in- 

 struments and objects necessary are : a convex bis- 

 toury, few hemostatic forceps, a perforator, an 

 ecraseur, cotton, gauze and needle with handle, silk 

 and thread. 



Ifodus operandi. — It consists of five steps. 



First Step. — Incision of the Scrotum and Dartos, Dis- 

 section of the Subdartoic Layer. The direction of the 

 first incision is indicated by the great axis of the 

 inguinal ring, whose outlines are readily detected. 

 "With the bistoury, the skin and dartos are divided 

 from forward backward, 15 centimeters in length. 

 The subdartoic connective fascia being reached, a 

 narrow incision is made through it about opposite 

 the center of the inguinal ring; through this incision 

 the thumbs are introduced, with their dorsal face 

 opposed, and by drawing them apart the opening is 

 enlarged. The fascia can also be cut with the 

 bistoury, layer by layer, in the same direction as the 

 skin has been. In either way, the external inguinal 

 ring is exposed and also the lower portion of the 

 inguinal space of which it is the entrance. If there 

 is much hemorrhage, it is arrested by ligatures or 

 forceps. 



Lacerate the connective tissue in the lower part of 

 the inguinal space ; introduce into it, towards the 

 bottom and a little outwards, the extended medium 

 and index fingers ; feel if the ectopia is inguinal or 

 not. 



Second Step. — Perforation of the Abdominal WaU. 

 This must be made on the anterior wall of the 



