ANIMAL CASTRATION. 97 



Second Step. — Searcliing and Exit of the Testicle. — 

 The hand, introduced through the wound, is carried 

 towards the entrance of the pelvic cavity, where 

 ordinarily it comes in contact with some part of the 

 testicular apparatus, gland, epididymis, efferent canal 

 or suspensory ligament. If one of these organs is 

 not found, the hand is passed over the bladder, where 

 it meets with the efferent canal, and by tracing it from 

 backwards forwards it arrives at the epididymis or 

 testicle. It is then brought out as in the other 

 methods. 



Third Step. — Excision is made by section after 

 ligature, torsion or the ecraseur. The stump is 

 pushed back in the abdomen. 



Fourth Step. — The wound is closed by sutures, 

 the edges of the straight muscle with silk first, the 

 skin after. 



This method permits the removal of the two tes- 

 ticles at one sitting in case of double cryptorchidy. 

 Notwithstanding the high authority of Gunther, this 

 method is not practised as those by the inguinal 

 region. 



INGUINAL CEYPTOKCHIDY. 



In the majority of cases, the removal of the testicle 

 in inguinal ectopia is not much more complicated 

 than in ordinary castration. 



Securing and preliminary cares are similar to those 

 used in abdominal cryptorchidy as done by Danish 

 or Belgian methods. 



Modus 02'>era7idi, — This is divided into five steps, 



