ANIMAL CASTRATION. 155 



the sub-lumbar region belli nd the diaphragm. The 

 broad ligaments diminish in height as they run for- 

 ward in such a way that the anterior border of the 

 external layer where the ovary is found, shorter in 

 its median part, gives a certain amount of fixity to 

 the anterior extremity of the horns which it keeps 

 elevated in each hypochondriac region ; on that ac- 

 count both horns cannot be at one time brought 

 through the incision, and it becomes generally neces- 

 sary in the bitch to operate on each side. 



As in sows, the operation can be doue by i\\e flank 

 or through the liyiea alba. Prof. Cadiot prefers the 

 first, although it requires two incisions. Prepared 

 by a fall diet of 24 hours, the animal is secured in 

 lateral position on a table. Ana3sthesia is not neces- 

 sary. The skin of the flank is shaved and disinfected, 

 a cutaneous incision is made near the last rib, the 

 muscles perforated with the fingers and the abdom- 

 inal cavity entered. Introducing the index finger 

 into it, feeling for the kidney, the ovary is found back 

 of it, drawn outside and removed by torsion or exci- 

 sion after ligature. The cutaneous wound is closed 

 by suture. 



The operation by laparotomy is certainly to be 

 preferred. 



Dr. P. B. Eogers, of Newbury, N. J., describes it 

 as follows : 



OOPHORECTOMY OF THE BITCH. 



Selediiin of Time for the Operation. — The best time 

 is as so(m as possible after the animal is five or six 



