so ( )UTAPIARIES 



natural forestiy, undergrowth, etc., may help in breaking the force 

 of the winds. Artificial windbreaks for the apiary as a whole 

 may also be used. But there will be required, in all northern 

 climates at least, additional wind and cold protection for the 

 hives mdividually, and such protection will serve to good purpose 

 much farther south than yet practiced b^' many beekeepers in 

 the ixiilder zones. 



The character of such protection for the outapiary will be 

 dependent to a great extent on three things: 



1. Locality and location. 



2. Permanence of the apiary. 



3. Plan of operations. 



It will hardly be advisable for the Southern man to consider 

 seriously the proper conditions for cellar wintering, since the 

 amount of protection his liees need will not warrant cellar winter- 

 ing at all. So with wintering in the North. Some localities may 

 be out of range of the hardest and coldest winds. They may be 

 so favoi'cd that the weather is tempered, allowmg an occasional 

 flight durmg winter. Others may be winter-bound for months 

 at a time, so that either cellar winterirg or the utmost in outdoor 

 packing will be absolutely necessary. To this extent each liec- 

 keeper will have his own method of wintering to study out as 

 applicable to his particular locality. 



The location does not make quite so great a difference. Yet 

 it is easj' to conceive a barren plaui, wind swept, which will require 

 double the winter protection of another not two miles removed, 

 but in a small valley with hills and brush and trees as protection 

 from the direct blasts of the North. The outapiarists may have 

 considered carefullj' the two when locating. The flora of the 

 one may more than overbalance the disadvantages of the other. 



AIan\- apiary sites ai'c retained only from one year to another. 

 Many ari'argements for ground rental can be made but for a single 



