tl2 OU'rAPIARlJ'^S 



ventilation. One beekeeper with the same system of ventilatoi-s 

 has installed an electrically operated fan in the upper ventilator 

 so that with any variation inside the fan piimiis the air out and 

 draws the fresh air in to take its place till the temperature again 

 becomes normal. 



Usually cellars are built of a height from 5| to 7 feet. In 

 figuring the amount of air space to be allowed, there should be 

 at ]e^st twelve cubic feet for each colony and two or three times 

 this amount is desirable. 



Probabh' a room partitioned in a house cellar which is heated 

 by furnace is as good a repository as can be had. It is usually 

 dry, of even temperature, and allows readily of good ventilation 

 either through the upward draft of air or through communication 

 with the rest of the cellar. But the outapiarist will hardly have 

 a houie cellar large enough to accomiuodtite all his hees, nor will 

 the hfjuses at his outyards he so located that he will be able to 

 take advantage of them. 



A few years ago, not a few beekeepers practiced keeping their 

 beeg in clamps. The ex]iense of these is small and they are espec- 

 ially suited to the outyard which is not permanent and in a location 

 where outdoor wintering is not feasilile. Yet it takes a peculiar 

 soil to be suited to wintering in clamps and we can hardly recom- 

 mend this method as worthy of trial by the outvai'd beekeepers. 

 There are too many failures. 



Edward (!. Brown, in western Iowa, winters all of his out- 

 yards ii) temiiorary cellars which he says can be made at a cost 

 of from 25 to 50 dollars. ^Ir. Brown is located where the soil 

 stands up extremeh' well under all conditions. AYhen he builds 

 a cellar he sets four posts at the four corners, having them over 

 four feet in the ground so they will go below the floor of the cellar. 

 They stick above ground two teet, and the two feet above ground 

 is boarded up to hold the dirt as it is thrown from the inside in 

 excavating. The enclosure is now dug to a depth of four feet, 

 the dirt thrown out against the boards adding the extra two feet 



