Research work in forestry is also being car- 
ried on at the Natural History Museum at Ber- 
gen, where Prof. Dr. Oscar Hagem is in charge 
of an experiment station at Sdfteland. Planta- 
tions are being made of western American 
species, Douglas fir and Sitka spruce, which 
indicate that these species may be found to be 
adapted for rather general use on the west 
coast of central Norway. Various publications 
have been issued from the museum at Bergen, 
among them one elaborately illustrated bulle- 
tin on the forests of western North America by 
Dr. Anton Smitt, the result of an expedition 
made by him to the United States and British 
Columbia. 
OTHER WORK 
IN FORESTRY 
No account of forest work in Norway would 
be complete without at least mention of the 
two leading forestry associations, that of the 
professional foresters, Norsk Forstmandsfor- 
ening, and the popular association Det Norske 
forest area of Norway in private ownership, 
where insurance is desirable, is said now to be 
covered by policies of this company. The basic 
rate for insurance is 1.25 percent. After four 
years the premium is reduced by 20 percent, 
with further reductions for longer periods. In 
certain parts of Norway the company maintains 
fire lookout stations. It is an energetic and 
going concern. The forester for the company 
is Julius Nygaard, who is also the editor of the 
“Skogalmanak,” a very useful little handbook, 
full of all sorts of facts and figures concerning 
forestry and the lumber industry of Norway. 
Compared with its neighbor on the Scandi- 
navian Peninsula, Norway has still much to do 
to bring its forests under full management. 
In Sweden the influence of Germany is much 
more apparent. Things are done there in a 
highly systematic way and with an elaboration 
of organization that has not as yet been possible 
in Norway. It should be remembered, however, 
that Sweden is a larger country, with over 
b| THIRTY-FIVE- 
YEAR-OLD 
PINE FOREST 
i| NEAR SKIEN, 
s| NORWAY 
Skogseiskap. This is an influential organiza- 
tion publishing a forestry magazine, ‘‘Tidss- 
krift for Skogbruk’’ and other informational 
matter, and in cqnnection with its branches, 
local associations ail over Norway, doing 
much practical work in planting, draining 
swampland and in conducting forest nurseries. 
Under the direction of this association a suc- 
cessful excursion was made through certain 
typical Norwegian forests in 1920, when a 
considerable party of Swedish foresters were 
the guests of the Norwegians. A return ex- 
cursion, in Sweden, was held in June, 1921, 
under the auspices of the Swedish Forestry 
Association. 
A commercial organization that is also of in- 
terest is the Norwegian Mutual Forest Fire In- 
surance Association, Det Norske Gjensidige 
Skogbrand Forsikringsselskap. This company 
was started in 1912, the sum insured that year 
being just under Kr. 45,000,000. In 1920 the fig- 
ure was Kr. 259,000,000. Sixty percent of the 
twice the population of Norway and with great- 
er natural resources. But the Norwegians are 
fully awake to the necessity of proper forest 
management and are energetically tackling 
their problem. It will be interesting to see how 
much they are able to accomplish when the 
time comes for strengthening and extending 
their forest laws. And Americans can very 
profitably watch this development, for there 
are enough points of resemblance between Nor- 
way and the United States to make whatever 
is accomplished there of interest on our side 
of the Atlantic. 
FORESTRY IN DENMARK 
Denmark is essentially an agricultural coun- 
try. Its principal exports are dairy products, 
with bacon and ham, a large part of which goes 
to Great Britain. Forests play a relatively un- 
important part, but because the forest area 
(30) 
