areas of state forests, as did many of the 
other European countries at that time, but 
later, especially in the 70’s, the policy was 
adopted of acquiring state forest land with 
the result that at the end of the calendar year 
1918 there were 11,800,000 acres (4,767,009 
hectare. 1 hectare = 2.47 acres) of crown 
forest (kronoparker), or, if there is included 
all the area administered by the Forest Ser- 
vice, a grand total of 8,711,750 hectare, or 
21,118,023 acres. These figures are from the 
last available annual report of the Swedish 
Forest Service, that for 1918 (p.8). 
Besides the state forests proper, the “crown 
parks,” from which the income goes solely 
to the government, there are various classes 
of “controlled forest” which are managed by 
the Forest Service. It is unnecessary to go 
into details regarding these stands. They 
‘belong to the Hstablished Church, to cities 
ing plans is an important part of the Forest 
Service program. This is done by men 
especially assigned to this duty. The job of the 
supervisor is to see that the plan is carried 
out and the forests under his charge properly 
handled. The chief forester at the head of the 
Swedish Forest Service is the Hon. Kar] Fred- 
enberg. His title is “General Direktor.” He 
has held his post since 1905, during which time 
the Forest Service has made notable progress. 
Through the extreme courtesy of General 
Direktor Fredenberg, I had a most unusual op- 
portunity to see a number of the Swedish state 
forests and other places of especial interest. 
A member of the staff of the Stockholm office 
was detailed to accompany me on a two-weeks’ 
trip, Jagmastare Axel Schard, who as holder 
of a Scandinavian-American Foundation fei- 
lowship, had spent 14 months in the United 
States, during a good part of which time he 
YOUNG STAND 
OF PINE IN 
CENTER 
DISTANCE. 
MALINGSBO, 
SWEDEN 
and communes, and to official and semi-official 
institutions and organizations. The point is 
that they are all administered, usually under 
definite working plans, by the government 
foresters. 
Sweden is divided into thirteen forest dis- 
tricts. Each district has a central headquar- 
ters, with an inspector and various assistants. 
Under him are the jiigmiistaren, or foresters, 
in charge of definite areas that may include 
a number of forests. The position of jag- 
miistare is about equivalent to that of supervisor 
in the United States Forest Service. Under 
him are forest rangers, who direct the work 
of the laborers employed on each forest. The 
Forest Service is managed from the head- 
quarters at Stockholm, where the staff is dis- 
tributed in a number of divisions, each charged 
with specific duties, both under area and sub- 
ject matter. One point of interest is that 
in Sweden the organization is strictly cen- 
tralized, questions of even minor import going 
to the Stockholm office for decision. 
The making and periodic revision of work- 
was in the western states. Thanks to General 
Direktor Fredenberg and to Mr. Schard my 
visit to Sweden was most instructive, as well 
as highly enjoyable. 
All the men in forestry work in Sweden are 
technically trained. The jiigmiistaren are all 
graduates of the State Forestry College. The 
course covers three years, but as a prere- 
quisite to entrance a man must have been 
graduated from the gymnasium, or as we 
should say high school, and also had about 
two years of actual practical work in the 
woods. A year in the army also is sand- 
wiched in between high school and college. 
The training is thorough and comprehensive 
and as the number of students at the college 
is strictly limited, there is keen competition. 
The men holding minor positions, the rangers, 
must also be graduates of ranger schools and 
have had an extended period of practical work 
in the forest. 
The impression one receives from meeting 
Swedish foresters is that they are a highly 
trained, thoroughly efficient body of men, 
(21) 
