as to other details of nursery practice and pro- 
cedure, the officials of the Forestry Commis- 
sion are giving careful thought. 
In choosing the areas to be planted and in 
SPRUCE ALONGSIDE DRAINAGE DITCH, 
LAKE VYRNWY, D. W. YOUNG, 
DIVISIONAL OFFICER 
selecting the kind of tree to use on a given 
site, the factors of soil and of elevation play 
a large part, both in England and in Scotland. 
One thousand to 1,200 feet seems to be the up- 
per limit in most of the mountainous districts, 
the strong winds on the upper slopes making 
good growth impracticable. There are also in- 
teresting problems as to whether inferior graz- 
ing land had not best be afforested. The 
question of restricting the area at present used 
for hunting and for grouse shooting seems not 
to be a serious one, as there is enough land 
left above and outside of the plantable areas. 
Essentially it is the non-agricultural mountain 
slopes that are being afforested. The range of 
wood production has been found to vary from 
40 to 160 cubic feet per acre per annum. Tak- 
ing 60 cubic feet as an average on the whole 
area, the Forestry Commission estimates the 
gross annual return at something between 
£1;10. and £2;10. per acre. 
ORGANIZATION 
AND PERSONNEL 
Americans are usually interested in matters 
of organization. That of the British Forestry 
Commission is a Board of Eight members, two 
of whom are salaried; the chairman, Lord 
Lovat and the technical commissioner, Mr. R. 
L. Robinson. The purely executive work, un- 
der the general direction of the commission, is 
in charge of three assistant commissioners, 
who sit with the board at its monthly meetings. 
These gentlemen are Mr. Hugh Murray, C. I. 
E., G. B. E., for England and Wales; Col. John 
Sutherland, C. B. E., for Scotland; and Mr. A. 
C. Forbes, O. B. E., for Ireland. Mr. Murray 
was formerly in the Forest Service in British 
India. 
Under the assistant commissioners are di- 
visional officers, at the present time three in 
England, two in Wales, four in Scotland and two 
in Ireland. Under them in turn are district 
officers, who for the most part are also tech- 
nically trained foresters, who have charge of 
one or more forests, each of which aggregates 
from 2,000 acres up. The local man on each 
forest, under the district officer, corresponds 
somewhat to the forest ranger on our national 
forésts. He has direct charge of the nurseries 
and the supervision of the laborers. The gen- 
eral headquarters of the commission is in Lon- 
don, 22 Grosvenor Gardens; that of the 
assistant commissioner for Scotland, in Edin- 
burgh. To both the London office and that at 
Edinburgh are attached technical assistants 
and other specialists who handle specific prob- 
lems or carry on investigative work that bears 
on administration. The technical assistant 
(really adviser) for Scotland is Dr. A. W. 
Borthwick. 
Great Britain is indeed fortunate in having 
as the head of its forestry work the present 
chairman of the Forestry Commission, Lord 
Lovat, K. T., K.C. M. G., D. S.O. Coming from 
the Scottish Highlands, of a family that has 
been noted for centuries in the annals of both 
Scotland and England, Lord Lovat is a real 
leader of men. He went out to South Africa 
in the Boer War in command of Lovat’s Scouts. 
During the great war he was in charge of the 
timber supply work for the British Army in 
France, and now as the chief administrative 
officer of the Forestry Commission he plays an 
CLOSE UTILIZATION SHOWN, TINTERN 
FOREST, ENGLAND—NOTE LOW STUMP 
—ON RIGHT G. R. ROBERTS, CROWN 
FORESTER, TINTERN: CENTER MR. 
BECK, CANADIAN PULP AND PAPER 
ASSOCIATION 
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