J32 ZOOLOOT. 



laying np pellets of pollen in some subterranean mouse- 

 nest or ii\ a stump, and the young hatching, gradually eat 

 the pollen, and when it is exhausted and they are fully fed, 

 they spin an oval cylindrical cocoon; the first brood are 

 workers, the second males and females. The partly hex- 

 agonal cells of the stingless bees of the tropics (Melipona) 

 are built by the bees, while the hexagonal cells of the honey- 

 bee are made by the bees from wax secreted by minute 

 glands in the abdomen. Tliough the cells are hexagonal, 

 they are not built with mathematical exactitude, the sides 

 not always being of the same length and thickness. 



The cells made for the young or larval drones are larger 

 than those of the workers, and the single queen-cell is large 

 and irregulai'ly slipper- shaped. Drone-eggs are supposed 

 not to be fertilized. Certain worker-eggs have been known 

 to transform into queen-bees. On the other hand, worker- 

 bees may lay dronc-cggs. The maximum longevity of a 

 worker is eight months, while some queens have been 

 known to live five years. The latter will often, under fa- 

 vorable circumstances, lay from 2000 to 3000 eggs a day. 

 The first brood of workers live about six weeks in summer, 

 and are succeeded by a second brood. 



Lfterature of AnTiriiopoDA. (For Crustacea see p. 85.) 



Podostomata. — Van der I-Ioeven's Recherclies sur I'Hisloire Natu- 

 relle des Limiilt.s, 1838; Miliie-Edwards's Kecherches siir TAua- 

 tomic des Liiiiidcs, 1873; Piickiird's Four JTenioiis ou the Anatomy 

 and Fnilji-yoldixj' of Liniidus, 1872-91; Kingsley's Notes on the Em- 

 bryr>li>gy of Liiiinliis, 1885; works of Walcotf, Beeclicr, Laokester. 



Arachnida.—llisnl/Js Spidei-s of the United States, Boston, 1875; 

 Emerton's ytructure and Habits of Spiders, 1883, and bis various 

 essays, with tliose of G. W. and E. G. Peclibam; McC'ook's American 

 Sjiidersand their Spinning Work, 3 vols,, 1889-92; with the works 

 of Widckenaer, Blackwall, Tliorell, Simon, Keyserling, Marx, etc. 



J/yr/«pw^(,— Wood's Tlie Myriapoda of Norlli America, 1865; with 

 essays by Newport, Harger, Latzel, IIaa.se, Packard, etc, 



Imecta.—Kirhy and Spence's Introduction to Entomology, 4 vols., 

 1838; Burmcister's Manual of Entomology, 1830; Westwood's Modern 

 Classification of Insects, 3 vols., 1839-40; Harris' Treatise on In- 

 sects injurio\is to Vegetation, 1886; Packard's Guide to the Study of 

 In.sects, 1888; Entomology for B(^ginners, 1890; Graber's Die Insek- 

 ten, 1877; Lul)bock's Ants, Bees, and Wasjis, 18H3, For economic 

 entomology, the works of Harris, Filch, Riley, Le Baron, Lintuer. 



