THE E7EN-T0ED UNGULATES. 279 



regarded as the original stock, may be a race which has 

 returned to a wild state, since partly wild horses occur in 

 Syria, on the Don, and live in great herds on the llanos 

 and pampas of South America. There are two primitive 

 races of horses, the Oriental and Western. To the first 

 belong three types: the Arabian, with tlie Berber, Anda- 

 lusian, Neapolitan; and in England the blood horse; the 

 Nizaischan type of the Deccan, India, to which belong the 

 Persian, Turkestan, Turkish horses, and the Tartarian. 

 The western races comprise the Frieseland, to which belong 

 the Brabant, Holstein, Mecklenburg, and the English farm- 

 horse, and among others the Percheron horse, of Prance. 

 Ponies are dwarf horses produced in cool, mountainous 

 areas, such as the Shetland Islands. The wild ass {Equus 

 onager) ranges from the Indus to Mesopotamia. Equus 

 hemionus the Dschiggetai or Kiang, goes in herds in cen- 

 tral Asia and Mongolia. Eecently, Prevalsky, a Kussian 

 explorer, has discovered a new species of horse in the ele- 

 vated portions of Central Asia, which has been named 

 Equus Frevalskii. The hinny and mule are infertile hy- 

 brids of the horse and ass {Equus asinus). 



Artiodactyles. — The even-toed Ungulates comprise the 

 peccary, pig, hippopotamus, and the Ruminants, which are 

 represented by the deer, sheep, ox, and camel. The pig 

 and peccary are the descendants of a numbei' of extinct 

 earlier forms which flourished in the Tertiary Period; the 

 pig, as Marsh observes, having held its own 

 with characteristic pertinacity. The peccary 

 {Dicotyles) is a small creature, closely resem- 

 bling a long-legged pig. It lives in swampy 

 tracts from Texas to Central and South 

 ^^ America. It goes in herds, and is a fearless 

 Fra.aiT-Crown of animal. The Hippopotamus (Fig. 310) has 

 frfr' ae''"'euam^i a large head, with large canines, a clumsy 

 crescents. body, and short legs. Hippopotamus am- 



pliibius ranges from the Upper Nile to the Cape of Good 

 Hope, and westward to Senegambia. It is nearly 3^ metres 



