310 ZOOLOGY. 



According to Wyman, tlie range of variation in different 

 races of men, as seen in seventeen skulls, is from 92 to 75 

 cubic inches; in the gorilla from 34 to 25 cubic inches, 

 nine skulls having been measured. 



There is but a single species of orang, which is restricted 

 to Sumatra and Borneo. It is said to be very intelligent, 

 to possess a voice so loud as to be heard one or two miles, 

 and to build a nest to sleep in. It makes a fresh nest of 

 leaves and branches nearly every night in tlie boughs of 

 trees from twenty to fifty feet from the ground; with its 

 long and powerful arms it easily climbs the tallest trees, 

 feeding on fruits, buds, young shoots, and leaves. It 

 does not leave its bed till the sun is well up and has dried up 

 the dew on the leaves, and it feeds all through the middle 

 of the day. No animal dares to attack it but the crocodile 

 and boa; these, however, it usually vanquishes. (Wallace.) 



The chimpanzee and gorilla are only found on the west 

 coast of Africa. The chimpanzee {Mimetes niger, with its 

 variety Tschego, Fig. 332) inhabits the coast from Sierra 

 Leone to Congo. It is aljout 1^- metres (five feet) in height. 

 It can stand or run erect, but it usually leans forward, 

 resting on its knnckles; the arms span about half as much 

 again as the creature's height. Both the chimpanzee and 

 gorilla have fourteen pairs of ribs. The chimpanzee lives 

 on fruit, is an active climber, and nests in trees, changing 

 its rude quarters according to circumstances. Eev. Dr. 

 Savage states that " tliey generally build not far above the 

 ground. Branches or twigs are bent, or partly broken, and 

 crossed, and the whole supported by the body of a limb or 

 a crotch. Sometimes a nest will be found near the end of 

 a strong leafy hrancli twenty or thirty feet from the 

 ground.'' 



The gorilla, like the chimpanzee, goes in bands, but the 

 company is smaller, and led by a single adult male. They 

 make similar nests, which, however, iu the case of both 

 apes, aft'ord no shelter, and are only occupied at night. 

 The gorilla sometimes reaches the height of about 1^ metres 



