276 FORAGE CROPS 
Atlantic and north central states, according to the 
census of 1900: 
North North 
Atlantic Central 
All cereals except wheat, million tons .. 4.4 69.2 
All hay and forage, million tons. .... 15.6 49.0 
Per cent of cereals, except wheat ... . 22.0 58.5 
Tons cereals except wheat, per animal unit 55 1.55 
Tons hay and forage, per animal unit .. 1.95 1,10 
Total tons of food per animal unit (of 
about 1,000 lbs. live weight)... 2.50 2.65 
“The significance of this table is further em- 
phasized when the superior feeding value of 
concentrates is fully understood. For example, 
experiments made by Zuntz, of Germany, show 
that when clover hay was fed to horses, forty-one 
pounds were digested out of each hundred pounds 
of hay fed, while, when oats were fed, sixty-two 
pounds were digested, or 50 per cent more. It 
was found, however, that it required the energy of 
twenty-four pounds of the forty-one pounds of 
hay digested to chew and digest the hay, leaving 
the net nutritive value at seventeen pounds. On 
the other hand, it required only twelve pounds 
of the sixty-two pounds of oats to masticate 
and digest the oats, leaving fifty pounds of oats 
available for producing energy or work. In other 
words, the oats had three times the value of the 
clover hay for the production of work in horses. 
The energy used up in chewing and digesting 
