326 FORAGE OROPS 
the grasses, which is so common on neglected 
pasture. 
Weeds and brambles which are not consumed 
by stock should ‘be removed each year, preferably 
in August, at which season the destruction of the 
plant is likely to result. Systematic management 
and treatment of pastures will result in many in- 
stances in increasing the yield more than two-fold; 
this should be a part of the practice of every far- 
mer. On rough lands, where it is not possible to 
plow and prepare the soil and where grasses come 
in naturally, the permanency of the pastures may 
be increased, and the quality improved, simply by 
dressing with commercial fertilizers, using mainly 
ground bone, acid phosphate and muriate of pot- 
ash, and liming once in about four years. Many 
hill pastures, that furnish scanty herbage, may be 
very quickly improved by this method, and the 
yield of forage very largely increased. In these 
cases, the soil is frequently dry and poor, and it 
requires only that the minerals should be applied, 
in order that the plants may develop more rapidly, 
and continue for a longer time. 
Renewing old pastures 
Old pastures that have become sod-bound and 
mossy may be greatly improved by scarifying with 
‘ any suitable tool; a spike-tooth harrow will answer 
