SOME SCIENTIFIC TERMS IN FEEDING a7 
of digestible protein, carbohydrates and fat best suited 
to farm animals under average conditions. They have 
studied the results of various foods and varying amounts 
in thousands of animals.” The results are embodied in 
what are called feeding standards. These tell the proper 
amounts of the nutrients, or one day’s food, for an ani- 
mal of a certain weight under ordinary conditions. 
8. Maintenance standard.—Less nutrients are neces- 
sary for animals not doing work, or not giving milk, or 
not fed for fattening mamtenance Ration 
purposes, than for ani- 
mals actually so en- 
gaged, This knowledge Maintenance Ration For more Milk 
has given rise to a AFTER MAINTENANCE, MILK 
standard for mainten- The first use to which a cow puts her food 
. is for maintenance. That requirement satis- 
ance when the animal fied, any excess may be used for milk or other 
is at rest in the stall, P'*?°S* 
A dairy cow giving little or no milk does not require 
nearly as much food as one in full flow of milk. Of 
course every farmer knows this; but he now has available 
a guide that suggests the quantity of digestible protein, 
carbohydrates and fat so as to meet the maintenance needs 
of the dry cow. 
9. All nutrients necessary.—A dry cow does need daily 
a certain amount of each of the food nutrients. She must 
keep her body warm, maintain the regular blood supply, 
repair the broken-down tissues and meet all the require- 
ments of life and health. These things she obtains from 
her food. If more food is provided than necessary to meet 
these daily demands, she will increase in weight. If too 
little food is given, then the reverse will happen, and she 
will lose in weight, becoming thin in flesh, or poor. 
Maintenance Ration For Milk 
Working from this point, nutrition investigators have carefully 
prepared standards for cows giving various quantities of milk, for 
