SOME SCIENTIFIC TERMS IN FEEDING 59 
steers at different stages of fattening, for horses doing little or much 
work, and for hogs and sheep during various periods of growth 
and fattening. 
10. Standards for farm animals.—Feeding standards 
are guides for indicating the amount of each nutrient for 
different animals and corisistent with the purposes for 
which the animals are fed. A cow giving little milk, 
according to the standard, is to be given smaller quanti- 
ties of food than another in heavy milk flow. Likewise 
rations for beeves differ considerably from those for 
horses or pigs. ‘ Feeding standards, though easily under- 
stood, are still very complicated, but they clearly show 
that the practice of feeding is not only an interesting art, 
but one that calls for much skill and training also. 
” Peotein Fat,.6 
Horse at Moderate Work.___...-...-.. [ 2.] Carbohydrates 1.]] 
: Protein Fat,.8 
‘Cow Yielding 27.5 Pounds of Milk...[ 3.3 | Carbohydrates 13. |] 
Protein Fatyy 
Fattening Steer _.........-...-.--- 13. | Carbohydrates 14.5 |] 
Protein Fat,.6! 
Fattening Sheep cian ecen| [ 3.5 | Carbohydrates 14.5 q] 
Protein F Fat.5 
Fattening Hogs......--.--------«-----J {4 [ ‘Carbohydrates 24, ae | 
DIGESTIBLE NUTRIENTS REQUIRED OF RATIONS 
Such food requirements are commonly called feeding standards. Carbohydrates 
are used in greatest abundance and fat in least. 
11. Wolff-Lehmann feeding standards.—The standards 
in most common use are what are known as the Wolff- 
‘Lehmann standards, named after the two German inves- 
-tigators who first suggested the limits to be observed in. 
the daily allowance of ‘the nutrients. 
