THE OX AND TILE COW 165 
as follows: Protein, 1.1 pounds; fat, 9.5; mineral mat- 
ter, 0.2; or a total of 10.8 pounds. Considering the 
amount of food required to yield 20 pounds of milk daily 
and two pounds of beef increase daily, the dairy cow 
not only supplies more human food each day, but does 
it a great deal more economically. This is one reason 
why dairying as a business is steadily increasing and 
beef production is in some sections on a decline. 
9. Two individuals compared.—At one experiment sta- 
tion the entire body of a fat steer that weighed 1,250 
pounds was analyzed. It contained 700 pounds of 
water, 172 of protein, 333 pounds of fat and 43 pounds 
of mineral matter. The total amount of dry substance 
in the steer was 548 pounds. These facts are particu- 
larly interesting when compared with the dry matter in 
the milk of a. dairy cow that yielded 18,405 pounds of 
milk during the course of a year. In the cow’s milk 
the following nutrients were determined: 552 pounds 
of protein; 618 pounds of fat; 920 pounds of sugar; and 
128 pounds of mineral matter, or a total of 2,218 pounds. 
This comparison shows that a cow of this production 
yields more than four times as much of the food nu- 
trients as a fat steer weighing 1,250 pounds. As a pro- 
ducer of human food the cow, next to the hen, is the most 
efficient of all domestic animals. 
10. What influences milk formation—The milk 
formation is hereditary to a certain extent. Certain 
breeds And certain strains of these breeds possess the 
ability to yield much milk and to transmit this character- 
istic to their offspring. Other breeds yield very little 
milk, and no manner of care or feeding will largely in- 
crease the amount or change the character of its quality. 
To the former belongs the dairy races, and to the latter 
the beef races. Cows possessed of beef tendencies are 
