186 FARM ANIMALS 
In many instances these weights are greatly exceeded. 
As the name indicates, the horn is short and small, and 
is usually curved forward. The tips bend inward or 
upward. These cattle mature early, equaling any breed 
in this respect. As grazers 
they are just fair. They make 
good use of their food and lay 
on a thick coat of fine flesh on 
the outside of the frame. Their 
| flesh is of excellent quality. In 
grading up common cattle, 
Shorthorns have been widely 
used, with excellent results. In 
color red and white predominate. They may be pure 
white, pure red, red and white, or roan. This breed is 
noted for the high quality of its flesh. The skin is mellow 
and elastic, the hair and bone fine and of good texture. 
8. Herefords.—These white-faced cattle are descend- 
ants of one of the aboriginal breeds of Great Britain, and 
as a distinct breed has a 
long lineage. The presence 
of the white face is an in- 
dication of purity of blood. 
The most notable of the 
early improvers was Ben- 
jamin Tompkins, who died 
in 1790. Like Batewell, 
who did so much for 
sheep, Tompkins improved his animals through the most 
careful selection of his breeding stock. The first authen- 
tic importation of Herefords into this country was made 
by Henry Clay in 1817. Since that time these animals 
have been distributed over all parts of this country. They 
are especially liked on the plains and in the pasture dis- 
SHORTHORN Cow 
HEREFORD BULL 
