206 FARM ANIMALS 
corn silage. If a patch of corn be planted on warm land as early in 
the spring as the weather will permit and planted thickly, by July 
a great abundance of green foliage will be available for green feed. 
This may be fed in the field in racks, or on the grass, or in the 
stable mangers. A very large amount of succulent food can be 
provided in this way at no great expense. The barnyard millets 
make excellent green forage. They are usually ready by late July 
or early August. If alfalfa is grown, a good soiling crop is at 
hand when needed. 
5. Producing milk economically—The production of 
milk economically depends upon high-producing cows 
and cheap home-grown feeds. On most dairy farms the 
food raised is of a roughage character, but just as much 
of this roughage material as the cows will eat up clean 
at all times should be put before them. If the legume 
hays are grown, the demand for concentrates containing 
protein will be much lessened, and consequently the ex- 
pense bills for grain will be much smaller than otherwise 
would be the case. But even with an abundance of 
legumes and silage some grain will be called for, and 
particularly by heavy-yielding cows. Cows yielding 
from 30 to 50 pounds of milk will not usually be able to 
manufacture these quantities from farm roughages, even 
though legumes and silage are included. The bulk is too 
considerable and the stomach capacity of the cow is 
unequal to the demand. 
6. Grain feeding —Practical dairymen introduce grain 
concentrates freely into rations, basing the quantity on 
the amount of milk produced. To cows yielding 20 or 
more pounds of milk a day one pound of grain is added 
to the daily ration for each three pounds of milk or for 
each pound of butter fat produced a week. If much 
legume roughage is fed, these amounts may be lessened 
to one pound of grain for every four or five pounds of 
milk or butter fat. Cows giving milk low in butter fat will 
need less grain in proportion to the milk yield, and those 
