FLOCK MANAGEMENT FOR EGGS AND MEAT 371 
8. Colony houses.—Where fowls are kept in consid- 
erable number two plans are common—the colony plan 
and the long-house plan. The colony affords good 
range. The houses are exceedingly convenient for plac- 
ing in orchards and fields, where by the aid of hoppers 
and drinking fountains the flock may be encouraged to 
take care of itself to a large extent. After the chicks 
reach a fair size and the hen has left them, roosts should 
be placed in the house. 
LonG-HouUSE PLAN oF FARM POULTRY BUILDINGS 
Permanent buildings of this kind cannot be moved from place to place as can the 
small colony house. 
9. Permanent houses.—These may be built in any 
style and shape. It is best to have the ceiling rather 
low. This favors warmth, because the fowls can keep 
the temperature comfortable if sufficient numbers are 
kept together. For permanent houses foundation walls 
should extend below the frost line and high enough to 
prevent the inflow of water during wet weather. Have 
the foundation rat proof and strong enough to support 
the building economically. Brick, stone, or concrete foun- 
dations are best as a rule. Floors should be smooth, 
hard, easy to clean, dry and durable. Unless ground is 
naturally dry it should be drained. Too much emphasis 
