LESSON FORTY 
DAIRY FARMING 
1, First steps——Success in dairying calls for special in- 
terest in the business, a location that admits of easy 
access to markets, farm and buildings adapted to the 
needs, and the right kind of dairy stock. <A large outlay 
at first is not required. Many dairymen have started 
with small equipment and few animals. Those who have 
succeeded studied their business, enlarged their activities 
as the demand grew, installed conveniences of sanitation 
and followed carefully the recognized methods of clean 
milk production. 
2. Kind of cows.—While the start may be made with 
cows of unknown or mongrel breeding, selected cows of 
a recognized dairy breed should sooner or later be chosen. 
High-grade cows are profitable dairy workers; so, too, 
are well-chosen individuals from pure-bred and recorded 
stock. A herd of pure-bred cows is always worth more 
than a herd of grade cows, but the pure-bred herd is pri- 
marily for the purpose of raising pure-bred sires. A 
young man can start with grades, and also secure one or 
more females of pure breeding; by preserving the heifers 
and using them to replace the least profitable graded cows, 
it is possible to secure a breeding herd at no great outlay 
in first cost. In this manner common cows in a few 
years can be entirely replaced by high-grade and pure- 
bred stock. 
3. The dairy sire-—An old saying is: “The sire is half 
the herd.” This is correct, because the blood of the sire 
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