432 FARM ANIMALS 
that are otherwise not profitable. As the herd grows in 
numbers only the female offspring of the very best cows 
should be preserved. The offspring of the less valuable 
cows may now be sold as veal or to others to raise as 
butcher stock. 
5. Hold fast to one breed.—In grading up a herd, new 
sires will be required from time to time in order to avoid 
close or related breeding. When such times arise, the 
mistake of changing breeds should not be made. Cling 
fast to the breed that was used at the start. 
A change in breed or race involves a mixture of blood, and this 
is not only unwise, but destructive. Such changes defeat the very 
purpose of a fixed plan to establish a herd with a single and uni- 
form line of qualities and characteristics. To admit Holstein blood 
in an improved herd of Jerseys or Ayrshires that has been graded 
and bred up, introduces qualities and characters that are antagonistic 
to the very things that the previous breeding had sought to fix and 
make stable. The same happens when Ayrshire or Guernsey or 
Jersey blood is introduced into a herd of Holsteins or other breed. 
After a breed has been chosen and purebred sires of that breed been 
used, one must adhere to that breed and never thereafter choose a 
male from another breed. 
6. Cattle barns.—Let the barn be able to accommodate 
the herd. It may be of costly construction or not, as the 
purse and jnclination may decide. Good ventilation, sun- 
IDEAL CATTLE BARN FOR Dairy HERD 
It is light, clean and sanitary 
