LESSON FORTY-THREE 
WOUNDS AND THEIR TREATMENT 
1. Kinds of wounds.—Wounds fall into four classes: 
(1) clean cut, made by something sharp; (2) torn or 
lacerated, where ragged edges are left; (3) bruised, the 
result of continued pressure or of a kick or a knock; and 
(4) punctured, caused by the entrance of a nail, splinter 
or gunshot. 
2. First step in treating.—A flow of blood usually ac- 
companies an ordinary wound. Other than 
« a bruised and punctured wound this is al- 
{ ways true. Frequently a nail puncture does 
not give off blood, or, if it does, it may not 
be noticed. However, blood is present; for, 
from the very nature of the trouble, blood 
rushes to the seat, this being nature’s way 
of repair. The first step, therefore, is to 
check excessive blood flow. 
3. Checking blood flow.—Blood has the 
Fractures _— trick of coagulating or clotting; and this in 
time will check the flow. But you can assist 
in forming the clot very simply by applying some finely 
ground material, that the blood may be held on the spot. 
Absorbent cotton is the best material. In case this is not 
available, use something clean, not stored up with germs. 
Tea is good, as is flour also. Cold water acts favorably, 
and for the slight, ordinary surface wounds water is 
usually sufficient. A few drops of antiseptic in the water, 
such as carbolic acid, if available, is always advisable, for 
the freshest water carries its full quota of germs, some 
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