486 FARM ANIMALS 
always attempts to lay its eggs just inside the opening of the nose. 
When the fly succeeds, the larva works its way up the cavity of the 
nose, seeking the small cavities in the head, where development takes 
place. As the grubs enlarge, a discharge from the nostril occurs. 
Treatment may be either preventive or surgical. A mixture of tar 
and lard applied to the nostril with a brush and repeated every 10 
days or two weeks during 
the summer months is a 
good preventive. 
4. Colic. — A very 
common disease in 
horses and occasionally 
in cattle and lambs. It 
begins as an inflamma- 
tion of the bowels, and 
ree ae is characterized by a 
A common attitude with colic. spasmodic contraction 
of the intestinal wall. 
Feed and water are controlling factors. Cold water after 
hard work or after eating, or cold water given when the 
animal is hot, or a change of food, may bring on the dis- 
ease. Some horses and cattle are more given to colic 
than others, some individuals never being affected. Two 
kinds are known—spasmodic, or cramps of the bowels; 
and flatulent, or bloating. When the spasms come on 
the horse paws with his forefeet, cringes, turns his head 
around, as if looking at his side, lays on the ground and 
rolls, as if in pain. Then he stands quietly for a while 
and repeats these performances. If the cramps are 
severe he breaks out with sweat. Treatment consists in 
the use of opiates and purges. 
5. Curb.—A sprain or injury to the ligament situated 
on the back part of the hock joint. Anything that puts 
too much stress on this part, such as holding back heavy 
loads, going down hill or backing up too heavy loads, or 
the hind legs slipping too far under the horse’s hody, may 
