COMMON AILMENTS NOT INFECTIOUS 481 
cause curb disease. It may be caused also by kicks or 
by the whiffletree striking against the back of the hock 
joint. Sometimes there is swelling and 
heat in the part, and lameness; some- 
times there is swelling but no lameness. 
Curb is treated by lotions and blisters. 
6. Founder.—An inflammation of the 
sensitive or soft structures between the 
hoof and the bones of the foot. Stiffness 
in the legs and shoulders is but the nat- 
ural results of soreness in the feet. 
Founder may be produced by a change 
of feed or excessive feeding; a change of 
work, or excessive work, which results in 
exhaustion; large quantities of feed or 
water when warm or fatigued; sudden 
cooling off when sweating and long drives on hard roads. 
It may occur in the fore or hind feet, or in both, but gen- 
erally in the forefeet. 
The position in which the animal stands is characteristic. The 
forefeet will be placed well forward, so that the weight will be 
borne by the heels, while the hind feet are brought well up under 
the body in order to take as much weight off the front feet as pos- 
sible. Treatment consists in removing the shoes and applying mois- 
ture to the feet. The animal may be re- 
quired to stand in water 5 or 6 inches 
deep each day, several hours as a time. 
Or an application of a poultice of wheat 
bran or some such material, or wet cloths 
thoroughly saturated with water, wrapped 
about the feet may be used. An animal 
once foundered often suffers from sub- 
sequent attacks. The disease most com- 
monly affects horses. 
7. Gapes.—Caused by worms in 
the windpipe; oftenest seen in young chicks and turkeys. 
Birds droop, cough, and lower their wings. A feather 
moistened, but not dripping, with kerosene or oil of tur- 
FOUNDERED Foot 
