KEEPING ANIMALS ILEALTELY 489 
tuberculosis was not a serious ailment of dairy cattle. 
These men, attracted to the pleasure of breeding dairy 
stock, sought elegance in stables, and provided what is 
now known as badly devised comfort in way of warmth 
in winter. They assembled many famous cows, some of 
which were affected with tuberculosis, from all parts of 
the world. Their method of barn construction actually 
excluded fresh air. The infected cows, in close contact 
with others, gave the disease to healthy cows. Bringing 
together infected cattle, however, had more to do with the 
spread of tuberculosis than the kind of buildings. In this 
way the disease was bred and spread, and a most serious 
menace introduced to the cattle industry when breeding 
stock from these stables was sold and distributed to other 
farms. It was in this manner that tuberculosis was 
spread, which in time became not only the most serious 
dairy disease, but the source of an immense expense to 
eradicate it. No flock or herd is wisely managed if fresh 
air is improperly supplied to barns and stables, or if 
impure air, arising from breath, odors, or skin exudations, 
is not constantly removed. It is better to have cold 
shelters in winter with a generous supply of fresh, pure 
air than warmth without it. 
3. Exercise.—Closely akin to fresh air is exercise. 
Lack of exercise is productive of many disorders. When 
farm stock are on free range in pastures and feed lots, 
other factors of health being provided, they keep 
active and robust.” - Exercise may be arranged for 
at little expense. Winter is the season it ordinarily 
is most often denied; but the scratching pen 
suffices for chickens, the open or covered barnyard for 
cattle, common winter work for horses, the sod fields 
for the sheep and hogs. Under whatever circumstances 
