fine shot are not so much dreaded as the 
work of the bird. 
The land ig on a hill of moderate hight; 
the inclination is in part toward the south 
and in part to the north-enst, but Mr. Done- 
gan would prefer a north-west slant, so that 
the sun would not start the growth of the 
trees too early in the spring. The soil I 
judge formerly supported a hard wogd growth 
of maple, beech and birch. J am told thata 
ledge underlies the orchard at a depth of 
about two fect. 
Ihave now given most of the facts that 
have come to my knowledge in regard to 
this remarkable orchard of choice fruit. This 
success has not been by chance, but by intel- 
ligent, persevering care. There is no doubt 
that many other farms are as favorably situ- 
ated for fruit raising, and that similar care 
would produce like success. 
UNSUCCESSFUL ORCHARDING. 
In renovating old orchards in Orleans 
County several attempts have been made by 
former citizens of the western part of the 
State, by bringing scions from near their old 
homes, of very choice kinds. These grafts 
have usually grown very well the first season 
and frozen to death the first winter. 
In planting new orchards the inhabitants 
of Vermont have bought freely of standard 
trees from nurseries in New York. Many of 
the trees arrived in poor condition and near- 
ly all died. About eight years ago dwarf ap- 
ple trees were sold very extensively in sev- 
eral counties, but some kind Providence pre- 
vented the ngents from dealing in Orleans 
County. This was probably the most disas- 
trons investment ever made by many farm- 
ers. The trees were in many cases set in 
gardens, or other nice, fertile land. They 
very generally died, add those that lived 
were of but very little profit to their own- 
ers. They not only lost their money, time 
and care, but also their faith in orcharding, 
which, perhaps, was the greatest injury of| 
all. For the credit of dwarf trees, I should 
siy that a few lots did well. 
Dr. McClearn, of Northfield, has some 
dwarf trees in his garden that have been 
eut back very closely, manured very highly, 
and in return bear some very fine fruit. Che 
trees, also, of Wm. H. Loomis, of North- 
field, are spoken of as bountifully produc- 
tive. Very generally these trees are de- 
nounced in the most emphatic terms. 
NEW YORK GRAFTED TREES. 
Within a few years several nurseries have 
been started in different places in Vermont 
from New York Stock. The seed is 
sown and the grafting done in those large nur- 
seri€s, then this stock planted and grown in 
Vermont, and the trees suld, when two or 
three years old, as Vermont trees. At Ran- 
dolph, Waterbury Center, Northfield and 
other places this is the case. Indeed. some 
of the dealers i New York trees locate an 
imaginary nursery in the town they start 
from. The trees sold by these dealers are 
the Siberian crab apple, Transcendent, Hy- 
slop, Soulard, Fancy Red, and Yellow; vari- 
eties of no special merit except hardiness. 
They also sell, as crab apples, the Russian 
varieties, Duchess of Oldenburg, Emperor 
Alexander, Red and White Astrachan, and 
Tetofski, and also a few hardy English or 
standard apples. These trees have been sold 
only a few yenrs, and have not been fairly 
tested. A few, however, that were expected 
to bear a desirable apple only produce a 
sinall inferior crab. 
TREES FROM SEED. 
Some farmers have a few trees growing 
from seed of their own planting. These 
trees are apt to be neglected. The lower 
branches are sufiered to grow until of such 
size that a dry, dead knot is left when they 
are cut off, which sometimes kills the center 
of the tree, making it “black hearted.” 
These side branches often take so much 
of the strength of the tree that it really has 
more low lateral growth than upright growth. 
Then I sve them growing closely together in 
av neglected state, surrounded by grass with 
branches and roots thickly interlaced. 1 
have also seen such trees transplanted to the 
orchard row, with so many places where the 
branches have been cut away that it would 
be a marvel indeed if they ever became 
thrifty trees. 
Itis without doubt true that the common 
native scedling will not be as hardy, on an av- 
erage, as trees that are all grafted so that the 
body and top is entirely of a hardy sort. 
Then the grafted tree if grown by a careful 
