PHAOPHYCE 51 
the one hand and a somewhat elongated shape on the 
other. When eight oospheres are rounded off there 
are usually two at the top, four in the middle, and 
two at the bottom, but in the elongated oogonium 
of Notheia there is one each at top and bottom and 
two groups of three between. When four oospheres 
are formed, three usually occupy the base with one 
above, but it also happens (e.g. Sarcophycus) that the 
protoplasm divides into three transversely and the 
middle portion afterwards into two longitudinally. 
In cases of two, the one is placed above the other. 
When the outer wall of the oogonium bursts, the 
rounding of the oospheres is soon completed and they 
are extruded together, still within the inner wall, 
which either bursts in turn or appears to dissolve, 
setting free the oospheres into the surrounding water. 
In Pelvetia, however, the gelatinous wall persists 
without apparently proving an obstacle to fertilisation. 
The antheridia occur as the terminal cells of 
branches of much-branched hairs. They are gener- 
ally of a longish oval form and are produced in great 
abundance. The antherozoids have each two lateral 
cilia emerging near the apex, and a red pigment spot. 
In some genera they do not escape forthwith as in- 
dividuals, but, like the oospheres, pass out of the con- 
ceptacle enveloped within the inner wall of the parent 
cell, while in others they are at once set free so far as 
this membrane is concerned, but remain close together 
in a mass until they emerge from the conceptacle. 
The paraphyses of the Fucacew are unbranched, and 
those near the ostiole frequently protrude. Whether 
they guide the oospheres and antherozoids outwards, 
E 2 
