SUB-CLASS IV 
RHODOPHYCEL, OR FLORIDEH 
THE Rhodophycee or red Alge are, in almost all 
cases, seaweeds. A few genera (Batrachospermum, 
Lemanea, Tuomeya, and Balbiania) belong to fresh- 
waters exclusively, where they occur for the most 
part in running streams, while a few other genera 
(Chantransia, Hildbrandtia, Caloglossa, and Bostrychia) 
have representatives in both fresh-waters and the sea. 
The thallus is always multicellular, of very diverse 
forms, and is composed of branching cell-filaments, 
either separate and free or congenitally united in 
their development. This union is effected in some 
cases by a merely gelatinous envelope, but is gener- 
ally brought about by a very tenacious intercellular 
substance which binds the filaments so closely that 
the whole body becomes parenchymatous in appear- 
ance. The filaments increase in length by apical 
growth, only the terminal cell dividing. This cell is 
sometimes larger than the others, and sometimes 
indistinguishable from them in size. Intercalary 
growth takes place only by the extension of the 
