FLOWERS: THEIR FORMS AND KINDS. 73 
214. Stamens united are also common. They may be united by their filaments 
or by their anthers. In the Cardinal-flower (Fig. 184), and other Lobelias, both 
the anthers (a) and the filaments (/') are united into a 
tube. So also in the Pumpkin and Squash. Botanists 
use the following terms to express the different ways 
in which stamens may be connected. They are 
Syngenestous, when the anthers are united into a ring 
or tube, as in Lobelia (Fig. 184 a), and in the Sun- 
flower, and all that family. 
Monadelphous (i.e. in one brotherhood), 
when the filaments are united all into one 
set or tube, as in Lobelia (Fig. 184 f), and 
the Mallow Family (Fig. 185); also in 
Passion-flowers and Lupines (Fig. 187). 184. Lobelia. 
Diadelphous (in two brotherhoods), when the filaments are united 
in two sets. Fig. 186 shows this in the Pea, and the like, where 
nine stamens are combined in one set and 
one stamen is left for the other. 
Triadelphous (in three’ brotherhoods), 
when the filaments are united or collected 
in three sets, as in the Common St. John’s-wort or Hy- 
pericum (Fig. 297); and 
Polyadelphous (in many brotherhoods), when combined 
in more than three sets, as in some St. John’s-worts. 
215. Pistils united are very common. Two, three, four, 
or more grow together at the time of their formation, 
and make a Compound Pistil. Indeed, wherever there 
is a single pistil to a flower, it is much oftener a compound pistil than a simple 
one. But, of course, when the pistils of a flower are more than one, they are all 
simple. Pistils may be united in every degree, and by their ovaries only, by their 
‘in Styles only (as they are slightly in Prickly-Ash), or even by their stigmas only (as 
in Milkweeds), or by all three. But more commonly the ovaries are united into 
one Compound Ovary, while the styles or stigmas are partly separate or distinct. 
Three degrees of union are shown in these figures. Fig. 188, two pistils of a Saxi- 
frage, their ovaries united only part way up (cut across both above and below): 
