KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF CLASS I. 107 
3. Stamens borne on the calyx, or where the calyx (when coherent) separates from the ovary. 
Petals many, in several rows. 
Shrubs with opposite simple leaves and dingy-purple flowers, CAROLINA-ALLSPICE F, 152 
Leafless fleshy plants, of singular shapes, Cactus F. 153 
Water-plants, with the large flowers and leaves floating on the surface, Water-Lity F. 120 
Petals 4 or 5, rarely 6. 
Leaves with stipules, alternate, Rosz F. 146 
Leaves without stipules. Pods many-seeded. 4 
Style and stigma one. Pod surrounded by the free calyx, Lyrurum F. 152 
Styles or stigmas 8 to 8. Calyx coherent below with the ovary. 
' Shrubs: leaves opposite. Pod with several cells. | Philadelphus in SAxirRAGE F. 167 
Herbs: leaves fleshy. Pod one-celled, opening by a lid, PURSLANE F. 130 
B. Stamens 10 oR FEWER. 
1. Qorolla irregular. (Pistil one.) 
Leaves opposite, palmately compound. Calyx 5-toothed. Shrubs or trees, Horsrecnestnut F. 139 
Leaves alternate, with stipules. | 
Filaments often united, but not the anthers. Two lower petals approaching or joined. 
Pod simple, with only one row of seeds, PutsE F. 141 
Filaments short: anthers 5, united. Lower petal with a sac or spur at the base. Pod 
with 3 rows of seeds on the walls, ; VIOLET F. 126 
Leaves alternate, without stipules. Flower generally 1-spurred or 2-spurred. 
Stamens 5, short; their anthers alittle united. Pod bursting at the touch, Basam F, 186 
Stamens 8, separate. Fruit of 8 thick and closed pieces, Inpran-Cress F. 136 
Stamens 6, in two sets. Flower closed. Pod one-celled, Fumirory F, 128 
2. Corolla regular, or nearly so. 
Stamens just as many as the petals, and standing one before each of them. 
Pistils more than one, and separate. Petals 6. Flowers dicecious, j MoonsEEp F. 118 
Pistil with one ovary but with five separate styles, Lzapwort F. 173 
Pistil and style one (the latter sometimes cleft at the summit). 
Anthers opening by uplifted valves or doors. Petals 6 or 8, BaRBERRY F. 119 
Anthers not opening by valves, but lengthwise. ‘ 
Woody vines. Calyx minute: petals falling very early, GrapeE-Vine F. 187 
Shrubs. Calyx larger, its divisions 4. or 5, BucktTHorn F, 138 
Herbs. Ovary and pod one-celled. 
Sepals 2: petals 5: stigmas 3, PuRSLANE F. 180 
Sepals as many as the petals: style single: stigma one, Primrose F. 173 
Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or twice as many, or of some unequal number. 
Calyx with its tube adherent to the surface of the ovary. 
Stamens 3, united with each other more or less. Flowers monecious, ‘ Gourp F. 154 
Stamens distinct, as many or twice as many as the petals. 
